• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    Floating aquaculture device for the cultivation of various species of fish in the open sea, comprising: - two hollow cylinders (1, 2) of the same inner radius and different outer radius, in such a way that the inner wall of both hollow cylinders (1, 2) is contained in the same plane; - a burr reduction and damping plate (3) joined along the entire outer perimeter of the base of the lower hollow cylinder (1); - a net of containment of fish species (6), which is connected at one end to the lower part of the lower hollow cylinder (1) and at the remaining end to a ballast (4); - a ballast (4) in the shape of a toroid, whose primary radius is equal to the radius of the fish species containment network (6); - a plurality of tensioners (5) located in the lower part of the lower hollow cylinder (1) configured to join the ballast (4) and said lower hollow cylinder (1). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2578429A1
    申请号:ES201600275
    申请日:2016-04-06
    公开日:2016-07-26
    发明作者:Raúl；GUANCHE GARCÍA；Alfonso JURADO FUENTES；Bárbara ONDIVIELA EIZAGUIRRE；José Antonio JUANES DE LA PEÑA
    申请人:Fundacion Ih De Cantabria；Fund Ih De Cantabria；Tacsa；Universidad de Cantabria；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Offshore floating aquaculture device for the cultivation of various species of fish. Field of the invention / technical field
    The present invention belongs to the naval construction and technology sector related to marine structures away from the coast or in the open sea, also called offshore structures and, more specifically, to offshore floating structures related to contention enclosures for marine crops or aquaculture.
    Background of the invention
    Aquaculture consists in the cultivation of different species of fish, molluscs, crustaceans and algae within a containment enclosure to prevent their escape and the access of predators, under controlled conditions. This activity can be classified as: freshwater aquaculture and marine aquaculture.
    Aquaculture represents an industrial activity that integrates in a sustainable way in the environment, presenting a minimal interaction with the environment in a way that can be considered as a low pollution activity (understanding as polluting any activity or interaction of the human being in the environment in the that lives).
    The production of marine species through aquaculture cages is a relatively recent practice, since salmon farming began in Norway in the 70s of the last century.
    In the approximately 40 years of life of this industrial activity, the size of the containment devices has been increasing, as has the variety of crop species. However, there has not been a radical evolution in the design of cages until a few years ago, to a greater extent because such development is not necessary so far, since fundamentally its installation has been in areas of fresh water (lakes, rivers, swamps ) and coastal areas sheltered or near the coast without being exposed to external actions of high magnitude such as strong swells, which required a significant endurance of the structure without collapsing.
    The increase in the utilization of cage aquaculture is due to the growing demand for consumption and the competition faced by the fish industry, because of the available natural and human resources, economies of scale, the need to obtain greater productivity per unit area and the need to extend to new spaces to be exploited for crla in open seas and farther from the coast (offshore).
    This expansion towards open seas of "aquaculture farms", is given by the interest to reduce the effect of fishing activity on species and seabed in highly exploited fishing grounds (since certain fishing methods and gear are not all respectful of the environment as they must), ensure the supply of the product and try to maintain its quality, following the international, community and state regulations in each specific area, related to the protection of the environment and products dedicated to human consumption, in constant and ascending demand .
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    As indicated previously, there has been little evolution in the design of cages with respect to the initials, with progress being made especially in the materials used. The cages are usually fixed or floating structures with a circular or polygonal shape (square, hexagonal, etc.) from which contention enclosures for marine species are suspended in the form of a network to allow the passage of water but not that of production or the one of predators. Generally, the material used for the cages is steel or plastic materials such as polyethylene.
    The size of the marine aquaculture cages can vary depending on the needs of volume of content, considering as minimum volume 6,000 m3 per unit and can be up to 30 meters in diameter, which is equivalent to a perimeter of up to 94 meters and a footprint on the sea surface of up to 700 m2. In addition to this large network volume, special networks for predators, both marine and avian, must be installed. The network for marine predators is a secondary network that is placed around the main containment network at a certain distance that can be around the meter. The protection network against birds is located at the top of the cage, usually in the dead work of the marine artifact.
    There are several challenges that arise with respect to technology and its resistance to the environment in which it must operate.
    One of them is the effect of different environmental forces, encompassed by external forces due to waves, current and wind. Simple systems of suspended networks are typical of areas near the coast, where environmental conditions are less severe and it is possible to access them in a simpler way, but problems of space and water contamination (droppings, dead fish, due contamination) arise to terrestrial activity, etc.) due to a lower depth and a lower rate of renewal of water with respect to areas farther from the coast. In these more remote areas, more offshore, the depths are greater, allowing for much more depth, better water quality and renewal, more constant oceanographic parameters (salinity, temperature, etc.) and a lower visual impact. which does not produce social and / or political disapproval.
    Weight gain due to the incrustation and accumulation of different marine organisms (also known as fouling, formed by gas and mussels among others) is another problem that occurs in every oceanic aquaculture cage, which makes it necessary to clean and repair in many cases the cages, a circumstance that depending on the type of cage can be a problem of costs and important logistics for the operators of the park or aquaculture farm. The fouling problem is particularly relevant for some materials such as steel. On the other hand, this existence of fouling causes drifts to occur, due to the decrease in the permeability of the network, making a sailing effect, which represents an increase in the loads to which the funding system is subjected.
    Regarding the latest studies on diseases that occur in farmed fish, the problem with sea lice in salmon farming processes in Norway stands out, a circumstance that is being solved by lowering the nets to depths greater than 8 meters or creating physical barriers to said depths so that said parasites do not harm the salmon.
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    Offshore localization has advantages as previously mentioned, but also inconveniences, especially related to the operation and survival of the cages. The technique is looking for a design that fits in the best possible way to this type of water, as can be seen in various patented ideas.
    The patent ES-1107805 of Sodac Offshore and A. Santana Ramirez, proposes a very large offshore platform, whose hull is not submerged but if its bottom or cage, including a wind turbine.
    The patent ES-2395165 (EP 1806964, US 671861) of Ocean Farm Technologies, commercially known as Aquapod, shows a submersible spherical cage, prepared to operate offshore, that is, away from the coast, for the cultivation of finfish.
    Patent ES-2221784, by A. Quita Cortinas and E. Diaz Arbones, proposes a navigable fish farm, equipped with eight moon pools with a contention network each for fish farming.
    The patent ES-2174759, of S. Otamendi Busto, presents a fishing, fattening and transport fish farm, formed by three aligned cylinders of great dimensions and of great draft, the power plant being the one of greater height and having two wind turbines.
    The patent ES-2160238 (EP-96909839, US-414631), of Ocean Spar Technologies, proposes a mobile cage, submersible, with the shape of a top thanks to an inner SPAR column and a ring that shape the network, whose commercial name It's Aquaspar
    Patent ES-2007033 (NO-860452), by Einar Knutsen, proposes a large hexagonal concrete platform, with four cages also hexagonal inside, for reproduction of fish species in the sea.
    As it has been observed in the patents described and others analyzed, the designs are from the point of view of design, construction and installation, or very simple, formed by submersible cages, or very complex, being large and openwork platforms. The former are difficult for operation and maintenance (O&M), while the latter are industrial platforms or plants of complex construction and financing, and that need to be in areas of great depth, which being normally remote areas, also complicate the O&M.
    Most of the possible offshore sites have environmental conditions that restrict the use of different aquaculture cages, whether by geometry, materials, structural resistance, hydrodynamic parameters or their own perlodes. These locations may present different varieties of sea states defined as wind waves (wind sea) or developed (swell), parameterized by more probable peak periods between 4 seconds and 16 seconds, and significant or significant wave heights of more than 2 meters, together with the effect of the current and the wind on the live and dead works respectively. The locations will be determined by different factors, being the distance to the coast a factor defined both by the environmental conditions of the site and by the logistics necessary to operate and maintain the farms (accessibility to cages, O&M personnel vessels, collection vessels of product, etc.).
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    The design of the cage must be such that its behavior in the sea is adequate so that it can operate and the risks of breakage due to environmental conditions are minimized, making from the standpoint of survival that the proper periods of the degrees of freedom move away from the typical periods of the sea where it will be installed, while from the point of view of operability, access is possible and there are no movements that stress the fish culture it contains.
    Therefore, there is a clear challenge in the search for a design that combines resistance to environmental conditions, good behavior at sea and allows a good safe O&M strategy and that does not increase costs, also allowing the proper cultivation of marine species , main objective of this type of devices.
    Summary of the invention
    The present invention tries to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by means of a floating aquaculture device, of cylindrical geometry, for the cultivation of various species of fish in the open sea, which allows the adequate cultivation of marine species, with great resistance to environmental conditions which makes it have a good behavior at sea and a good safe and low-cost O&M strategy.
    Specifically, in a first aspect of the present invention, a floating aquaculture device is provided for the cultivation of various species of fish in the open sea, comprising:
    - two hollow cylinders of the same inner radius and different outer radius, such that the hollow cylinder of greater outer radius is located below the hollow cylinder of smaller outer radius, such that the inner wall of both hollow cylinders is contained in the same plane , both hollow cylinders being configured so that, during their operation, the free surface of the water is located at the height of the upper hollow cylinder of smaller section, achieving, being the flotation area smaller, a better behavior in the sea of the device, since there is a reduction of movements and a less interaction between water and device;
    - a reduction and damping plate of the joint joined along the entire outer perimeter of the base of the lower hollow cylinder, the inner radius of said reduction and damping plate of the arf being equal to the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder and the outer radius of said reduction and damping plate of less than 130% of the value of the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder with respect to the axis of revolution, such that said reduction and damping plate of the head is configured to increase viscous and inertia forces , and therefore, the damping and the mass added in the vertical movements of the device (arfada, nodding and balancing);
    - a fish species contention network, which is connected at one end to the bottom of the lower hollow cylinder and at the remaining end to a ballast, and whose radius is at least equal to the inner radius of the device, such that the device it has an interior volume, taking into account the two hollow cylinders and the fish species containment network, of at least 10,000 m3;
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    - a toroid-shaped ballast, whose primary radius is equal to the radius of the fish species containment network, and whose secondary radius and weight are such that they allow the fish species containment network to be stressed and deformed;
    - a plurality of tensioners located in the lower part of the lower hollow cylinder configured to join the ballast and said lower hollow cylinder, thus avoiding deformation of the fish species containment network due to the movements of the device as a result of the methoceanic conditions , for different severe sea states.
    In a possible embodiment, the ratio between the inner radius of the hollow cylinders and the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder is between approximately 0.65 and 0.85, and the relationship between the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder and the outer radius of the upper hollow cylinder It is between approximately 0.70 and 0.90. Preferably, the ratio between the inner radius of said device and the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder is approximately 0.75, and the ratio between the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder and the outer radius of the upper hollow cylinder is approximately 0.80.
    In a possible embodiment, the relationship between the height of the upper hollow cylinder and the height of the lower hollow cylinder is between approximately 1.95 and 2.35, the height of the lower hollow cylinder being greater.
    In a possible embodiment the material of the device is concrete and also comprises, within the two hollow cylinders a very low density material, configured to provide the device with the buoyancy and tightness necessary in case of fissures, allowing a cheaper and faster in the manufacturing process.
    In a possible embodiment, the device also comprises at least two feed stores, with an automated fish feeding system, configured to store feed for a certain time, where said feed stores are placed on the lower hollow cylinder next to the outer wall. of the upper hollow cylinder, they are placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of revolution of the device and whose vertical dimension is equal to the height of the upper hollow cylinder.
    In a possible embodiment, the arfada reduction and damping plate is made of a metallic material, such as steel.
    In a possible embodiment, the device also comprises a funding system for maintaining the position.
    In a possible embodiment, the device further comprises a superstructure located above the upper hollow cylinder configured to facilitate access and work of O&M personnel.
    In a possible embodiment, the device further comprises an anti-bird net in the upper part of the upper hollow cylinder, at a distance from which a person located on said superstructure is able to touch said anti-bird net of protection of fish against the attack of seabirds.
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    In a possible realization, the device also comprises a conical network that is placed under the ballast, configured so that, during the operation of the device, the fish that die are deposited, pass to a collection collector and thus prevent contamination water and diseases that harm the health of production.
    Brief description of the figures
    In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical realization thereof, and to complement this description, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part thereof, whose character is Illustrative and not limiting. In these drawings:
    Figure 1 shows a 3D perspective view of the device according to a possible embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 2 shows illustrates a profile view of the device according to a possible embodiment of the invention, with dimensional relationships.
    Figure 3 shows a plan view of the device according to a possible embodiment of the invention, complementary to Figure 2.
    Figure 4 shows a vertical section of the device, with the thicknesses of the structural material (preferably concrete) and the compartment for the low density material (preferably polystyrene), in accordance with a possible embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 5 shows a 3D perspective view of the reduction and damping plate according to a possible embodiment of the invention
    Figure 6 shows a 3D perspective view of the ballast and the net according to a possible embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 7 shows a profile and plan view of the device according to a possible realization of the invention, where the situation of four is detailed next to a detail of the possible situation of four feed stores and the three main views of I said feed store.
    Figure 8 shows a profile view of the device with an individual anchoring system for a depth of 100 meters, according to a possible realization of the invention, including a detail of how the device is seen in plan with the funding system and highlighting with a circumference of a dashed line that marks where the funding lines begin to rest on the bottom.
    Detailed description of the invention
    In this text, the term "comprises" and its variants should not be understood in an exclusive sense, that is, these terms are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps.
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    In addition, the terms "approximately", "substantially", "around", 'ones', etc. should be understood as indicating values close to those terms accompanying, since due to calculation or measurement errors, it is impossible to achieve those values with total accuracy.
    In addition, "shallow water" or "shallow" means those marine areas in which the waves are significantly modified by the bottom. These areas, in the context of wind offshore platforms, usually include depths of up to 40-50 meters, so those greater than that depth and where there is no influence will be considered "deep water", "offshore" or "open sea" of the seabed in the waves or its influence is reduced.
    In addition, strut or height of the device is understood as the sum of the two heights of the two cylinders that make up the device, and which will be described below.
    The following preferred embodiments are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention.
    Next, the device of the invention is described which gives solution to the problems identified in the current state of the art, and which is a floating aquaculture device for the cultivation of various species of fish in the open sea. The device, with a cylindrical geometry, allows the adequate cultivation of marine species, with great resistance to environmental conditions, which makes it have a good behavior at sea and a good safe and low-cost O&M strategy.
    Figure 1 shows a schematic of the device, according to a possible embodiment of the invention. The device comprises two hollow cylinders (1, 2) of the same inner radius and different outer radius, such that the hollow cylinder of greater outer radius is located below the hollow cylinder of smaller outer radius, such that the inner wall of both cylinders gaps (1, 2) are contained in the same plane, thus having structural continuity. and the internal volume of the device being at least 10,000 m3.
    This union of two hollow cylinders (1, 2) of different outer radius and equal inner radius, causes a section change, which improves the behavior at sea. That is, both hollow cylinders (1, 2) are so configured that, during their operation, the free surface of the water is located at the height of the upper hollow cylinder (2) of smaller section, achieving, being the area of said flotation, a better behavior in the sea of the device, since there is a reduction of the movements and a lower interaction between water and device.
    The device of the invention also comprises a plate (or skirt) of reduction and damping of arfada (3) joined along the entire outer perimeter of the base of the lower hollow cylinder (1), and configured to increase viscous forces and of inertia which intervene respectively in the damping and the mass added in the vertical movements of the device, causing that the degrees of freedom related to the vertical planes (arfada, nodding and balancing) are reduced. Preferably, the
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    material of the reduction and damping plate (3) is metallic, such as steel.
    This reduction and damping plate (3), as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 5, is defined horizontally by having an inner radius equal to the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) and an outer radius that It depends on the pressures generated by the movement, its maximum value being up to 130% of the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) with respect to the axis of revolution. Vertically it is defined as having a thickness small enough for vortices to form, but which in turn does not buckle the shrinkage reduction and damping plate (3), so that said plate (3) supports the stresses generated by the water pressures when moving the device.
    The two hollow cylinders (1, 2) and the shrink reduction and damping plate (3) are the ones that give rise to the volume of fairing necessary to give thrust to the device, the lower hollow cylinder (1) being the one that practically facilitates Buoyancy needed
    In addition, the device of the invention comprises a net of fish species contention (6) at a sufficient depth, which is connected at one end to the bottom of the lower hollow cylinder (1), and at the remaining end to a ballast (4) shaped like a toroid.
    Said ballast (4) has a primary radius equal to the radius of the fish species containment network (6), and a secondary radius and weight such that they allow to maintain in tension and without deforming the fish species containment network (6 ).
    The device of the invention has an internal volume, taking into account the two cylinders described above and the fish species containment network (6), of at least 10,000 m3. One skilled in the art will understand that, by establishing itself as the target of volume for the containment of species of more than 10,000 m3 (that is, the volume enclosed in the device for fish), the depth of the ballast (4) as the lower limit of The fish species containment network (6) must be such that these cubic meters of target volume are completed and exceeded (as specified, sum of inner volume of cylinders and net volume).
    The ballast (4) and the lower hollow cylinder (1) are connected through a plurality of tensioners (5) located in the lower part of said lower hollow cylinder (1), thus avoiding deformation of the net containing fish species (6) due to the movements of the device as a result of the methoceanic conditions, for different severe sea states.
    Figure 6 shows in a more enlarged way the tensioners (5) that join the lower hollow cylinder (1) and the ballast (4), thereby tensing the fish species containment network (6). One skilled in the art will understand that the number of tensioners (5) necessary depends on the mechanical characteristics of the cable used and the weight of ballast (4), and its length must be that necessary for the main part of the network of containment of Fish species (6) have a volume greater than the target figure of 10,000 m3. In addition, one skilled in the art will understand that the weight of the ballast (4) must be such that for waves of 5 meters of significant or significant wave the tension is not lost, thus decreasing the relative movement between the device and the ballast (4), and avoiding the deformation of the fish species containment network (6) to the extent
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    of the possible. In addition, the location of a weight at that depth contributes to lowering the center of gravity, which has an impact on the stability of the device.
    Preferably, the relationship between the inner radius of the hollow cylinders (1, 2) and the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1), represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4 as A1, is between approximately 0.65 and 0.85, and more preferably this value is about 0.75. Also, preferably, the relationship between the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) and the outer radius of the upper hollow cylinder (2), shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 as A2, is between approximately 0.70 and 0.90, and more preferably this value is about 0.80.
    Regarding the vertical dimensions of the aquaculture device, the relationship between the height of the upper hollow cylinder (2) and the height of the lower hollow cylinder (1), represented in Figures 2, 3 and 4 as A5, is between approximately 1.95 and 2.35, the height of the lower hollow cylinder being greater (1). This geometry allows to have a structure capable of withstanding severe climates, thanks to a great moment of inertia, robustness and rigidity, and giving rise to a simple and cheap fabrication device.
    Regarding the depth of the fish species contention network (6), it depends directly on the inner radius of the device and the value of the cage prop, since the volume of the fish species containment network (6) you must complete the volume necessary to exceed the 1 0.000 m3 mentioned above. Regarding the radius of the cylinder that gives rise to the fish species containment network (6), as advanced, this should be at least equal to the internal radius of the device.
    Figures 2 and 3 show a profile and plan view respectively of the device of the invention and its elements, with approximate dimensional relationships for the possible realization of the invention, where:
    - Ltensor = tensioner length (5).
    - Rred = radio of the fish species containment network (6).
    - D = total device strut, corresponding to the sum of the two heights of the lower and upper hollow cylinders (1 and 2).
    - Rext = outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1)
    - kext = wing of the plate (or skirt) of reduction and damping of arfada (3)
    - t = thickness of the plate (or skirt) of reduction and damping of arfada (3).
    - A1 = relationship between the inner radius of the device and the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (2);
    - A2 and relationship between the outer radius of the upper hollow cylinder (2) and the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1).
    - A3 and proportion of height of lower hollow cylinder (1) with respect to total strut (D) of device.
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    - A4 and proportion of height of upper hollow cylinder (2) with respect to total strut (D) of device, being a function of A3 (A4 = 1-A3) and also, always smaller than A3 (that is, A4 <A3).
    - A5 e relation between the proportions of height of lower hollow cylinder (1) and upper (2), that is, A5 = A3 / A4.
    Preferably, the material of the inventive concrete device, also comprising inside the two hollow cylinders (1, 2) a very low density material, such as expanded polystyrene, configured to provide the device with the necessary buoyancy and tightness in case of cracks, and thus allowing a cheaper and faster manufacturing process by means of prefabricated formwork and plates, with thicknesses such that the structure endures without collapsing (placing the greatest thicknesses as low as possible to lower the center of gravity) and keep the desired draft.
    Figure 4 shows the section of a possible realization of the device of the invention, whose parameters coincide with those explained in Figures 2 and 3. This figure shows the thicknesses that the structural material (preferably concrete) should have, with the largest thickness as low as possible to have the vertical component of the center of gravity also as low as possible improving stability. The interior compartment that is formed is filled with a low density material to reduce the weight of the cage, provide the structure with the necessary buoyancy and make the device a waterproof structure, and proof of cracking in the hull of structure material) (preferably concrete).
    In a possible embodiment, and as seen in Figures 1, 7 and 8, the device of the invention comprises at least two feed stores (8) in the device itself, with an automated species feeding system, configured to store feed during a certain time, and where said feed stores (8) are placed on the lower hollow cylinder (1) next to the outer wall of the upper hollow cylinder (2) and are placed symmetrically. Alternatively, the feed is located in a substation with the capacity to store and feed all the devices that make up the aquaculture park or farm, through flexible pipes, making the installation of feed stores unnecessary (8). In any case, an expert in the field will understand that said substation is outside the scope of the device of the present invention.
    Specifically, in figure 7 an example is shown in which the device comprises four symmetrical feed stores (8) with respect to the axis of revolution and with the smallest possible section, so that it influences as little as possible the asymmetry of the moment of inertia of the set as in the response in arfada of the structure. The vertical dimension of each feed store (8) is equal to the height of the upper hollow cylinder (2), the other dimensions being inversely proportional so that said area is as small as possible. The parameters shown in Figure 7 and defining the feed store (or silo) (8) are:
    - to the feed storage width (8).
    - hs e feed storage height (8).
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    - 5 = angle formed by external side walls of feed storage (8)
    regarding the axis of revolution.
    Preferably, and as seen in Figures 1 and 8, the device of the invention comprises a funding system (7) for maintaining position.
    In a possible embodiment, the anchoring system (7) consists of a plurality of anchoring lines, valid only for one device. In this case, and in a possible embodiment, the device comprises an individual anchoring system (7) of four distributed and extended lines in four different directions (spread-mooring), as shown in Figure 8, separated 90 ° for a depth of 100 meters in this case, so that for a certain chain, the footprint that forms the four lines has a crown shape on the ocean floor, with a minimum radius of about 80 meters (seen in plan, projection of catenary from device to bottom) and a maximum radius of approximately 300 meters to reach where the anchors are located (this distance will depend on the length you want to give the chain).
    In another possible embodiment, the anchoring system (7) can be a funding framework for many devices with multiple funding lines. useful in the case of installing an aquaculture device farm. One skilled in the art, will understand that in this embodiment, the device is an aquaculture cage that, together with others of the same type, is part of a farm whose number of devices will depend on the production that is to be achieved by the operating company of the resource In this case, the system is made up of cables, to connect the devices to each other, and these in turn to floating elements such as buoys, all of which are connected to a number of anchors smaller than necessary in the event that they were all anchored the devices individually. The anchoring system (7), through the different lines that make it up, joins the device through glues (from the term Anglo-Saxon fairleads), a mechanism that allows turns but not movements of union transfer, acting as a label-type boundary condition, located at the base of the lower hollow cylinder (1).
    The drafts for which the aquaculture device is planned are also beneficial to avoid damaging the fish species' contention network (6) or inlaying living beings (such as microorganisms, mussels, etc.), what is known commonly as fouling) by the effect of sunlight, which encourages this phenomenon, which increases the weight of the fish species containment network (6) and causes water to not flow properly through said network (6) . In addition, the greater the draft, the lower the likelihood of certain diseases caused by lice or other parasites.
    Figures 1 and 8 show a superstructure (9) located above the upper hollow cylinder (2), configured to facilitate the access and work of O&M personnel. This superstructure (9) depends on different factors related to the operation, such as the systems and equipment that the device may need or the farm's O&M strategy regarding access and means of passage. In addition, the number or situation of the accesses depends on the location of the device park, said access maneuver benefiting from the axisometric geometric form described above, since its behavior at sea does not depend on where the waves, wind or wind come from. current, having only influence on this the provision of the funding system (7). In any case, an expert in the field will understand that said superstructure (9) is outside the
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    scope of the device of the present invention, since it is part of the next design stage.
    In a possible embodiment, the device of the invention further comprises an anti-bird net (10) in the upper part of the upper hollow cylinder (2), under the superstructure (9), at a distance from which a person located on said superstructure (9) is capable of touching said anti-bird net (10) of fish protection against attack by seabirds.
    In a possible embodiment, the device of the invention comprises a conical net (11) that is located under the ballast (4), whose objective is that, during the operation of the device, the fish that are dying are deposited, pass to a Collection collector and asl, prevent water contamination and disease.
    In summary, the dead work (part of the structure that is outside the water) comprises part of the upper hollow cylinder (2), part of the feed stores (8) and the superstructure (9), next to the anti-bird net (10), while the live work (part of the structure that is in contact with the water) comprises the remaining part of the upper hollow cylinder (2), the entire lower hollow cylinder (1), the reduction and damping plate of arfada (3), the fish contention network (6), the ballast (4) to give tension to the fish species containment network (6), the tensioners (5) that hold the ballast (4) to the cylinder lower hole (1) and the conical net (11).
    The device allows different operating conditions, the flotation surface being on the upper hollow cylinder (2), of smaller section with respect to the lower hollow cylinder (1), which benefits the increase of the marine artifact's own period. This also means that the device has a considerable draft, taking into account the planned dimensions of the invention so that it has an internal volume of more than 10,000 m3 between the structure itself and the fish species containment network (6) located under it. for the containment of fish species. In turn, the lower hollow cylinder (1) gives the necessary structural strength and buoyancy. That is to say, both the lower hollow cylinder (1) and the shrink reduction and damping plate (3) will be fully submerged while the upper hollow cylinder (2) is partially submerged. The axisimetric character of the geometry of the device makes its response to the different external environmental forces given by the waves, current and wind that it will have to endure throughout its useful life, be the same regardless of the direction of application
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
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    1. Floating aquaculture device for the cultivation of various species of fish in the open sea, characterized in that it comprises:
    - two hollow cylinders (1, 2) of the same inner radius and different outer radius, such that the hollow cylinder of greater outer radius is located below the hollow cylinder of smaller outer radius, such that the inner wall of both hollow cylinders ( 1, 2) is contained in the same plane, both hollow cylinders (1, 2) being configured so that, during operation, the free water surface is located at the height of the upper hollow cylinder (2) of smaller section, achieving , since the flotation area is smaller, a better behavior in the sea of the device, since there is a reduction of the movements and a less interaction between water and device;
    - a shrink reduction and damping plate (3) joined along the entire outer perimeter of the base of the lower hollow cylinder (1), the inner radius of said shrink reduction and damping plate (3) being equal to outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) and the outer radius of said reduction and shock absorption plate (3) being less than 130% of the value of the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) with respect to the axis of revolution, such that said reduction and damping plate of the head (3) is configured to increase the viscous and inertial forces, and therefore, the damping and the mass added in the vertical movements of the device (head, head and roll);
    - a fish species contention network (6), which is connected at one end to the bottom of the lower hollow cylinder (1) and at the remaining end to a ballast (4), and whose radius is at least equal to internal radius of the device, such that the device has an internal volume, taking into account the two hollow cylinders (1, 2) and the fish species containment network (6), of at least 10,000 m3;
    - a ballast (4) in the form of a toroid, whose primary radius is equal to the radius of the fish species containment network (6), and whose secondary radius and weight are such that they allow to maintain tension and without deforming the net of fish species containment
    (6);
    - a plurality of tensioners (5) located in the lower part of the lower hollow cylinder (1) configured to join the ballast (4) and said lower hollow cylinder (1), thus avoiding deformation of the fish species containment network (6) due to the movements of the device as a result of the methoceanic conditions, for different severe sea states.
    [2]
    2. Device of claim 1, wherein the ratio between the inner radius of the hollow cylinders (1, 2) and the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) is between approximately 0.65 and 0.85, and where the ratio between the radius outside of the lower hollow cylinder (1) and the outer radius of the upper hollow cylinder (2) is between approximately 0.70 and 0.90.
    [3]
    3. Device of revindication 2, where the ratio between the inner radius of said device and the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) is approximately 0.75, and where the ratio between the outer radius of the lower hollow cylinder (1) and the outer radius of the upper hollow cylinder (2) is approximately 0.80.
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    [4]
    4. Device of any of the preceding claims, wherein the relationship between the height of the upper hollow cylinder (2) and the height of the lower hollow cylinder (1) is between approximately 1.95 and 2.35, the height of the lower hollow cylinder being greater ( one).
    [5]
    5. Device of any of the preceding claims, whose material is concrete and also comprising, within the two hollow cylinders (1, 2) a very low density material, configured to provide the device with the buoyancy and tightness necessary in case of fissures, and allowing cheaper and faster manufacturing process.
    [6]
    6. Device of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least two feed stores (8) in the device itself, with automated fish feeding system, configured to store feed for a certain time, and wherein said feed stores (8) are placed on the lower hollow cylinder (1) next to the outer wall of the upper hollow cylinder (2), are placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of revolution of the device and whose vertical dimension is equal to the height of the cylinder upper hole (2).
    [7]
    7. Device of any of the preceding claims, wherein the reduction and damping plate of the head (3) is made of a metallic material such as steel.
    [8]
    8. The device of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a funding system (7) for maintaining the position.
    [9]
    9. The device of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a superstructure (9) located above the upper hollow cylinder (2) configured to facilitate access and work of O&M personnel.
    [10]
    10. The device of any of the preceding claims, further comprising an anti-bird net (10) in the upper part of the upper hollow cylinder (2), at a distance from which a person located on said superstructure (9) is capable of touching said anti-bird net (10) for the protection of fish against the attack of seabirds.
    [11]
    11. The device of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a conical net (11) that is located under the ballast (4), configured so that, during operation of the device, the fish that die are deposited, pass to a collector and asl, prevent water contamination and diseases that harm the health of the production.
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    同族专利:
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    ES2578429B2|2017-04-18|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2007033A6|1986-02-10|1989-06-01|Knutsen Einar|Fish breeding device and way of constructing it.|
    ES2008304A6|1987-11-02|1989-07-16|Otamendi Busto Santiago|marine fish farm.|
    ES2030480T3|1988-06-24|1992-11-01|Carsten Prof. Dr.-Ing. Langlie|OFFSHORE PISCIFACTORY FOR THE BREEDING AND MAINTENANCE OF FISH OR SIMILAR AQUATIC ANIMALS.|
    WO1998027810A1|1996-12-23|1998-07-02|Ehod, Machraz|Installation for growing fish in the open sea|
    WO2002082894A1|2001-04-11|2002-10-24|Santiago Otamendi Busto|Fish factory ship for fishing, fattening and transportation|
    US20060045628A1|2004-09-02|2006-03-02|Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras|Floating structure|
    WO2015055867A1|2013-10-17|2015-04-23|Sodac Offshore, S.L.|Oceanic aquacultural platform|
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